Copper Naphthenate's low mammalian toxicity and EPA Registration as a General-use Pesticide make it a preferred choice over traditional oil-borne preservatives like pentachlorophenol and creosote. Copper Naphthenate has been used as a wood preservative for over one-hundred years. An USDA Forest Product Laboratories study ongoing for over fifty years, has established an estimated service life for utility poles pressure treated with copper naphthenates, such as Cu-Nap Concentrate exceeds 60 years. This estimated service life expectancy is equitable to the performance of poles pressure treated with creosotes. Copper Naphthenate's inclusion in the AWPA preservative standards is assurance Copper Naphthenate is an effective wood preservative you can count on to perform.