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Understanding Lumber Grades: A Guide for Strength, Appearance, and Quality
The strength, appearance, and number of defects determine the various grades of lumber. These grades are established by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the American Lumber Standards Committee. To help you navigate the different grades of lumber effectively, here is your comprehensive guide, ordered from the highest to the lowest grade.
Select Structural Lumber
Select Structural is the top-grade lumber known for its exceptional strength and durability. This grade boasts the fewest defects, and knots are permissible in specific sizes as long as they are sound, firm, tight, and well spaced.
No. 1 & BTR Lumber
No. 1 & BTR (Better) lumber allows for minimal defects. Similar to Select Structural, tight and well-spaced knots are permitted within this grade.
No. 2 Lumber
No. 2 lumber is the most commonly used grade for framing purposes. It possesses limited defects, but knots of any quality are permitted as long as they are well spaced and adhere to size regulations.
Construction Grade Lumber
Construction grade lumber is ideal for light framing. Knots must be sound, firm, encased, and tight. Most defects are restricted, except for some that are surface-related.
No. 3 Lumber
No. 3 lumber permits more defects, provided they do not penetrate through the wood. Knots of any quality are allowed, as long as they are well spaced.
Stud Grade Lumber
Stud grade lumber possesses the necessary strength and stiffness for vertical wall components, commonly known as studs. This grade exhibits varying levels of appearance quality.
Standard Grade Lumber
Standard grade lumber is suitable for light framing projects. Knot quality is unrestricted within this grade.
Utility Grade Lumber
Utility grade lumber represents the lowest grade and is exclusively used for light framing projects. Few restrictions are imposed on defects compared to the other grades.
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